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How to use Semi-Log Graph

Semi-Log graph is a common method of plotting data where in one axis there are small amount of data to be plotted and in other axis a lot of data to be plotted. Suppose, one wants to plot the value obtained from a Butterworth Filter in a graph. The value of the gain will be within 0 to -50 db range. But the frequency range could be up to 10 Khz. In this case it is not possible to plot the frequency response using normal graphing scale. Semi-log graph scale must be used in this case. Here, how to use semi-log graph will be taught. After you’ve read this article, you’ll understand how to use semi-log graph properly.

First of all, have a look at the semi-log graph paper. The semi-log graph paper has equally distributed horizontal lines. But the distribution of vertical lines are not equal. It actually represents the increase vertical axis in logarithmic rate. To learn how to use semi-log graph, first have a look at the semi-log paper.

How to use semi-log graph paper 1

Do not hold the paper like this. If you plot your values using this direction, it’ll be all wrong. The right order of direction of Semi-Log paper is:

How to use semi-log graph paper

This is how you need to use the semi-log graph paper. So, you just learned the correct order of direction of semi-log graph paper. Now you are going to learn about the sequence of the vertical lines both in Log scale and Decimal scale. Once you are done with it, you’ll be able to use the semi-log scale perfectly.

As you can see, the vertical lines are not equally spaced. The difference between lines becomes narrower as it goes higher in Y axis. The spacing is like this because it expresses the logarithmic scale. There are 10 vertical lines in one group if you count in decimal number. Each decimal number represents logarithmic value here. The photo provided below will help you to understand fully.

How to use semi-log graph paper

From the table, you can see the value of corresponding log scale with the decimal number. If you want to plot something in semi-log graph, first of all, you need to convert the decimal numbers into log scale. Suppose you are plotting frequency from 100 Hz to 10,000 Hz. Now you need to convert these frequency into log scale like this.

log 100 = 2

log 200 = 2.3

log 300 = 2.5

log 400 = 2.6

log 500 = 2.7

………………..

log 10,000 = 4

Now instead of plotting 100 Hz to 10,000 Hz, plot simply log scale. For 200 Hz, use the 2.3 vertical lines. For 500 Hz, use 2.7 vertical line. If you use these log scale, now 10,000 Hz range can be plotted within 4 groups of the semi-log graph.

This is how you can plot values in semi-log graph.Semi-log graph is really helpful and widely used in science and engineering. So, you must learn how to use semi-log graph if you are a science or Engineering major student.

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